During recent years, neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), as well as alternative methods using optical and ultrasonic modulations (tFUS), have become an important means to study how complex neural circuits interact in the brain, to manipulate human cognition and to treat brain disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now be performed either concurrently with or pre and post these neuromodulation techniques to visualize their effects on the human brain, to understand the neurophysiological mechanism and to improve their efficacy.

The workshop was initiated by the governing committee of the ISMRM Study Group (SG: MRI of Neuromodulation) as a part of their goals and activities. The event is endorsed by the ISMRM, and is sponsored and organized by the ESMRMB.

The goal is to bring together a diverse group of scientists and clinicians as well as industry partners who are interested in developing and applying advanced MRI techniques to visualize, understand and quantify neuromodulation effects on the human brain. This workshop will be the second of its kind on the relevant topic, after the celebration of the very successful one in October 2022 at the NIH.